About this site
Source document
- Title
- The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (Act No. 45 of 2023)
- Published in
- The Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II—Section 1, No. 53, New Delhi, 25 December 2023 (CG-DL-E-25122023-250883)
- Assent
- 25 December 2023
- Commencement
- In force from 1 July 2024 (S.O. 850(E), dated 23 February 2024), except section 106(2), which has not been brought into force.
- Text as of
- As enacted (Gazette of 25 December 2023); later amendments, if any, are not incorporated.
- File
- bns-2023-gazette.pdf (102 pages) — original at prsindia.org
- SHA-256
67c92f7869420685e6cdc29b1bdde19fff91312b10241b3ed3e1163c5399600b- Generated
- 2026-10-19T20:13:14+00:00
Downloads
The entire content of this site is available as JSON, generated from the same data as these pages. Like the rest of the site it is public domain (CC0), and may contain mistakes — the Gazette is authoritative.
| File | Contents | Size |
|---|---|---|
bns.json | The entire Act as structured JSON: preamble, chapters, group headings, sections and every sub-section, clause, proviso, Explanation, Exception and Illustration, with citation ids, citations and Gazette page numbers. | 654 KB |
stats.json | The figures on the stats page, each with its sources. | 32 KB |
DATA_MODEL.md | Schema and citation-id scheme for bns.json. | 8 KB |
bns-2023-gazette.pdf | The source Gazette of India publication, unmodified. | 1,351 KB |
SHA-256 checksums
bns.json83f4ed58795e50918e34f3dd48a033ce6e711196a6b42487a294e972baf9252dstats.jsona32ac625bfcf13242586f1eddde774aebcd09446a5a439f2c6b0b739c57f385bDATA_MODEL.md7f75ab1ecb4ca6d45da4a160eb6774a12e7378ebfa715aa625760d5d93dbfc8a
Method
Text taken from the Gazette PDF text layer and independently transcribed from page images by a vision model; every word-level or paragraph-boundary disagreement was adjudicated against the page image (ocr/accepted.json). 23 such adjudications are recorded. The reconciled text was then parsed into chapters, sections and numbered provisions; labels, marginal headings and punctuation are kept as printed. Each paragraph links to the Gazette page on which it begins.
Citation guide
Indian statutes are cited as section → sub-section (1) → clause (a) → sub-clause (i); the compact form is section 64(2)(a). Every paragraph on this site has an anchor #p-<id> whose id is that compact citation, e.g. /section-103/#p-103(1). Use the ¶ button beside a paragraph to copy its link, its short citation (Section 103(1), BNS
) or its long form (clause (f) of sub-section (2) of section 64 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
).
| Provision | id | Citation |
|---|---|---|
| Section 103 | 103 | Section 103 |
| Sub-section (1) of section 103 | 103(1) | Section 103(1) |
| Clause (f) of sub-section (2) of section 64 | 64(2)(f) | Section 64(2)(f) |
| Clause (28), sub-clause (k)(ii) of section 2 (definitions) | 2(28)(k)(ii) | Section 2(28)(k)(ii) |
| Explanation 1 to section 2(4) | 2(4)-expl-1 | Explanation 1 to Section 2(4) |
| The (only) Explanation to section 1(5) | 1(5)-expl | Explanation to Section 1(5) |
| First proviso to section 8(5) | 8(5)-proviso-1 | First proviso to Section 8(5) |
| Exception 1 to section 101 | 101-exc-1 | Exception 1 to Section 101 |
| Illustration (a) to section 3(8) | 3(8)-illus-a | Illustration (a) to Section 3(8) |
| Unlettered illustration to section 126(1) | 126(1)-illus | Illustration to Section 126(1) |
When a section's numbered divisions open on the section-number line (64. (1) …
) they are sub-sections and lettered divisions under them are clauses; when the section opens with lead-in words and then lists (1), (2) (as in the definitions in section 2) the numbered divisions are clauses and letters under them are sub-clauses.
The search box accepts citations directly: 103, s. 103(1), sec 64(2)(f), Section 2(28)(k)(ii), BNS 103, §103.
Reading the text
Provisions that qualify the main text are colour-coded, with a faint rule along their full extent: Explanation., Exception., Provided (proviso) and Illustrations. Colour is a reading aid only; the wording is exactly as printed in the Gazette.
Disclaimer
This is an unofficial rendering provided for convenience. It is not legal advice and is not affiliated with or endorsed by the Government of India. Despite the checks described above, it may contain mistakes — in the text, its structure, the cross-reference links, the search or the stats page. The text published in the Gazette of India is authoritative; consult it for any legal purpose. In force from 1 July 2024 (S.O. 850(E), dated 23 February 2024), except section 106(2), which has not been brought into force. The Sanhita replaced the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). As enacted (Gazette of 25 December 2023); later amendments, if any, are not incorporated.
Public domain
Everything made for this site — code, structured data, transcriptions and the compiled stats — is dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0: use it for anything, no permission or attribution needed. No rights are claimed in the text of the Act or in the Gazette PDF, which are reproduced unmodified from the Government of India's publication. Sources cited on the stats page remain their publishers' works.